| Water Supply in Vojvodina Conceptual Design |
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The water supply state has been analyzed in 45 municipalities with more than 2 million inhabitants, included in the municipal water supply, whether supplied from central waterworks or micro water supply systems. Water supply is completely from grounwaters. Total number of wells is about 1750 and the total groundwater exploitation on the territory of Vojvodina for the public water supply is about 6630 l/s. Recharge of Main aquifer in Vojvodina is mainly from neighbouring countries (Hungary, Romania) and it is recharge is small and very slow. On most groundwater sources, water is withdrawn from main aquifer with capacities that are much higher than recharge. Groundwater withdrawal in these conditions caused, great depressions in the areas of water sources and general lowering of piezometric head in the wider area (in some parts of Vojvodina more than 20 m, Fig.1). Groundwater depressions nowadays are limiting factor for further water production on large number of existing groundwater sources. Fig.1 Chemical Quality of groundwater from Main aquifer in Vojvodina shows great diversity in different regions. Major quality parameters which are far above the permited limits are iron, manganese, ammonium ion, organic matters and arsenic. Diversity of water quality on existing water sources, as a consequence of different chemical composition of aquifer sediments, requires different techniques of water treatment, Fig2. (some of which are very expensive). Unfortunatelly, WATER TREATMENT IS PRESENT IN ONLY 9 TOWNS , which means that less than 30% of population in Vojvodina drinks water that has some kind of treatment.  Fig.2 According to the forecast for the design period (2030), the total necessary quantity of water for the territory of Vojvodina, to be provided from all water-bearing media, is about 11m3/s. New water sources must be formed in the Danube and the Sava riparian zone, to provide for these quantities. The space for new water sources formation is limited, and conditioned by local hydrogeological characteristics. At the other hand, this space is of interest for other activities, as well. It is therefore necessary to find a solution for tapping as much water as possible on the space as small as possible, provading for water pollution control as well. This condition could be satisfied only by forming infiltration type water sources. |
